Diabetes is a chronic condition that can have several effects on your feet. High blood sugar levels can cause nerve damage, which can lead to tingling, numbness, or a lack of sensation in your feet. This condition, known as Peripheral Neuropathy, affects up to 50% of people with diabetes and can reduce the sensation in your feet, making it hard to detect any wounds until they become severe.
Peripheral Neuropathy can lead to a more severe complication known as Charcot Arthropathy. This condition can cause a type of arthritis in which the bones of your feet weaken and collapse. It can also lead to deformities in your feet and make it difficult for you to walk or wear shoes.
Another common complication of diabetes is Peripheral Artery Disease, which occurs when fat deposits block or narrow the arteries leading to your feet. This condition can reduce the blood flow to your feet, making it difficult for wounds to heal and increasing your risk of infections.
Calluses and Corns are also common among people with diabetes. Calluses tend to be large and occur on the weight-bearing surfaces of your feet, such as the soles of your feet, while corns have a hard center and are surrounded by irritated skin. Corns may be painful when touched and can increase the risk of infection if left untreated.
Treatment options for diabetes-related foot problems may include wearing custom shoes or orthotics, managing blood sugar levels, and taking medication to improve circulation. For Charcot Arthropathy, immobilization or surgery may be necessary. If you have peripheral artery disease, a podiatrist will work with you to manage your blood pressure and cholesterol levels and may recommend lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking. For calluses and corns, a podiatrist may recommend removing them through regular trimming, using specialized padding to relieve pressure, or prescribing medication to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
It is essential to take preventive measures and seek treatment early to prevent serious complications and keep your feet healthy. Regular foot exams, daily foot care routines, and proper footwear are crucial to maintaining healthy feet when you have diabetes.
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