Conditions Related to High Arch

Understanding Conditions Related to High Arches: A Guide from Foot & Ankle Centers of Frisco, Little Elm, and McKinney

Having high arches, also known as pes cavus, can lead to a variety of foot and ankle issues that may affect your overall quality of life. While some people with high arches may not experience any symptoms, others may develop painful conditions that require professional care. At Foot & Ankle Centers of Frisco, Little Elm, and McKinney, we’re committed to helping you understand the potential complications associated with high arches and providing effective treatment options to keep you comfortable and active.

What Are High Arches?

High arches occur when the arch of the foot is raised more than normal, creating a pronounced curve from the heel to the ball of the foot. This condition is often hereditary, meaning it runs in families, but it can also develop due to neurological disorders, muscle imbalances, or other underlying health conditions.

How High Arches Affect Your Feet

Unlike flat feet, where the arch collapses, high arches create an exaggerated upward curve. This abnormal foot structure can lead to an uneven distribution of weight across the foot, putting excessive pressure on the heel and the ball of the foot. As a result, high arches can contribute to various foot and ankle problems.

Common Conditions Associated with High Arches

1. Plantar Fasciitis

   • What It Is: Plantar fasciitis is a common condition where the plantar fascia—a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot—becomes inflamed.
   • Why It Happens: High arches can increase tension on the plantar fascia, leading to microtears and inflammation. This condition typically causes sharp pain in the heel, especially when taking the first steps in the morning.
   • Treatment Options: Treatments may include stretching exercises, orthotics, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and in severe cases, corticosteroid injections or surgery.

2. Metatarsalgia

   • What It Is: Metatarsalgia refers to pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot, often affecting the metatarsal bones that connect the toes to the rest of the foot.
   • Why It Happens: High arches place excessive pressure on the ball of the foot, leading to pain and discomfort, particularly when walking or standing for long periods.
   • Treatment Options: Cushioning insoles, orthotics, and footwear adjustments can help alleviate the pressure on the metatarsals. In some cases, physical therapy may be recommended.

3. Hammertoes

   • What It Is: Hammertoes are deformities where the toes become permanently bent at the middle joint, resembling a hammer. This condition is often seen in the second, third, or fourth toes.
   • Why It Happens: High arches can cause the toes to be pushed down into the ground, leading to the development of hammertoes over time. Tight footwear can exacerbate this condition.
   • Treatment Options: Non-surgical treatments include splinting, physical therapy, and wearing shoes with a wide toe box. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity.

4. Ankle Instability and Sprains

   • What It Is: Ankle instability refers to the chronic tendency for the ankle to give way, often leading to repeated ankle sprains.
   • Why It Happens: High arches can make the foot less stable and increase the risk of rolling or twisting the ankle, especially on uneven surfaces.
   • Treatment Options: Strengthening exercises, balance training, ankle braces, and custom orthotics can help stabilize the ankle. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to repair damaged ligaments.

5. Claw Toes

   • What It Is: Claw toes are a deformity where the toes curl under, creating a claw-like appearance. This condition can affect one or more toes and is often painful.
   • Why It Happens: High arches can contribute to the development of claw toes by causing an imbalance in the muscles and tendons that control toe movement.
   • Treatment Options: Conservative treatments include using splints, padding, and wearing shoes with adequate toe space. In more advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity.

6. Stress Fractures

   • What It Is: Stress fractures are tiny cracks in the bones, usually caused by repetitive stress or overuse.
   • Why It Happens: The uneven weight distribution associated with high arches can lead to increased stress on specific areas of the foot, making stress fractures more likely.
   • Treatment Options: Rest, activity modification, and wearing supportive footwear or orthotics are key components of treatment. Severe stress fractures may require immobilization or surgery.

7. Calluses and Corns

   • What They Are: Calluses are thickened areas of skin that develop in response to repeated friction or pressure. Corns are similar but are usually smaller and have a hard center surrounded by inflamed skin.
   • Why They Happen: High arches can cause uneven pressure on the foot, leading to the formation of calluses and corns, particularly on the ball of the foot and heel.
   • Treatment Options: Regular use of moisturizing creams, pumice stones, and protective padding can help manage calluses and corns. In persistent cases, professional treatment may be necessary.